Set (also spelled “Seth”) is a prominent and complex deity in Egyptian mythology, associated with deserts, storms, disorder, violence, and foreigners. The deity’s multifaceted nature and the ambivalent attitude of the Egyptians towards him have resulted in various myths and representations throughout history. This article explores the evolution, mythology, and magickal practices of Set, in addition to his influence on art, literature, history, and religion.
Evolution and Mythology
Originally, Set was considered a sky god, lord of the desert, master of storms, and a trickster figure. As a sky god, Set was depicted standing on the prow of Ra’s barge, defeating the dark serpent Apep. In some Late Period representations, Set took on the falcon-headed guise of Horus, reflecting their interconnected roles in Egyptian mythology. Set’s role as a protector against Apep underscores his paradoxical status as a chaotic yet vital force within Egyptian belief.
Set was believed to be the brother of Osiris, and their conflict provides the basis for one of the most significant Egyptian myths. In this tale, the conniving Set murders Osiris by tricking him into a chest, later mutilating his body. Osiris’s wife and sister, Isis, reassembles his corpse and resurrects him, but only long enough to conceive their son, Horus. Horus eventually takes revenge upon Set, engaging in multiple battles fueled by their mutual enmity.
Despite their animosity, Set and Horus also share a vital aspect of their roles; Set was regarded as the lord of the Red Land (desert), while Horus was lord of the Black Land (fertile earth). This balance between chaos and order exemplifies the Egyptian approach to cosmic duality.
In later interpretations, mainly from Greek sources, Set became associated with the demonic figure Typhon, and his antagonistic associations continued to dominate his depiction.
Symbolism and Associations
Set was often portrayed as an unidentifiable upright animal, possibly representing a mythical, chimeric beast. His capacity to shape-shift further highlights his connection to transformations and disorder. He could assume various animal forms, such as an ox, an oryx, a hippopotamus, a bull, a crocodile, or a panther. He could also take on the form of another deity like Anubis.
Set’s association with sexual deviancy and violation of societal norms is another aspect of his trickster archetype. He is said to have raped his sister Isis, resulting in the birth of a hybrid creature, while another tale recounts Set’s desecration of his sister and wife, Nephthys.
In Egyptian astronomy, Set was linked to the planet Mercury, while as the lord of the western Nile, he was also connected to the lesser deity Ha, god of the desert.
Influence on Art, Literature, and Religion
Set’s influence on Egyptian art, literature, and religion is profound, albeit subject to changing attitudes over time. In some eras, his presence as a protector against Apep was central, while in other periods, his conniving nature dominated. The myth of Osiris’s murder and resurrection offers a template for the Egyptian concept of death and afterlife, with Isis as a central figure and Set’s role as the antagonist force.
Set also plays a significant role in the Book of the Dead, with spells and incantations aimed at appeasing his wrath or invoking his protection and magickal powers. Some scholars argue that Set’s negative reputation reflects the fear and uncertainty surrounding death and the transition to the afterlife. At the same time, others believe that Set’s dark associations reflect an awareness of the necessary balance between chaos and order in nature.
Magickal Practices
Set’s complex nature, as well as his associations with magic and trickery, make him a prominent figure in Egyptian magick. His ritualistic representations typically involve invoking his protection and power against evil spirits or forces of disorder. In some instances, he is invoked for spells related to transformation, change, or sexual potency. Offerings to Set often include red objects such as wine or pomegranates. In modern times, Set is also worshipped by various Neopagan and occultist groups.
In conclusion, Set’s multifaceted character and mythological associations make him a complex deity in Egyptian belief. His role as both a disruptive force and a vital aspect of cosmic balance reflects the Egyptian worldview, where chaos and order must coexist for the world to remain in harmony. Set’s influence on art, literature, religion, and magick continues to be felt even today, making him a timeless deity that embodies the ever-changing nature of human beliefs and practices. So let us continue to explore the mysteries of Set and uncover his hidden power in our lives. May we learn to embrace both chaos and order within ourselves, guided by the wisdom of this enigmatic deity. Each day is a new opportunity to invoke the strength and magick of Set, and discover our own inner balance in the process. As we delve deeper into his mythology and symbolism, may we find inspiration, transformation, and ultimately, harmony within ourselves. So let us honor Set, lord of chaos and protector against evil, as we continue on our journey of self-discovery and spiritual growth.
The Astral Portal to Set
A Ritual To Invoke Set’s Power
Invocation
Begin by uttering the invocation phrases to summon the power of Set for protection and to strike at your enemies use the short invocation below or recite the Hymn to Set:
Oh mighty Set, lord of disruption, master of storms,
I call upon your chaotic might in this time of need.
Stand with me in this battle, guide my hand,
As I wield your Was-Sceptre, let my enemies retreat.
Ritual Materials
For this ritual, you will need:
- A black candle
- A small piece of red jasper (to symbolize the Red Land that Set rules)
- Incense (frankincense, myrrh, or sandalwood)
- A depiction of Set or the Astral Portal to Set
- A temporary Was-Sceptre (a branch or rod)
Instructions for the Creation of a Was-Sceptre
To create your Was-Sceptre, the infernal rod of Set, follow the steps below:
- Find a branch or rod that is approximately the length of your arm or full body length. It should be sturdy and straight. Traditional Egyptian Wood like Cypress, Pine, Acacia, or Cedar are best but Willow also works quite well.
- Carve or paint the top of the rod to resemble the head of the Set Animal.
- Wrap the handle of the rod with red and black cloth, symbolic of the Red Land and Black Land.
- Engrave or carve the hieroglyphs of the great gods onto the staff.
- Bless your Was-Sceptre in the name of Set by saying:
In the name of Set, lord of the desert, master of storms,
I consecrate this Was-Sceptre as a symbol of your power,
May it aid me in my battles and strike fear into the hearts of my enemies.
Conducting the Ritual
- Light the incense and the black candle.
- Place the piece of red jasper and the depiction of Set on your altar or sacred space.
- Hold your Was-Sceptre aloft and repeat the invocation.
- Meditate on the power of Set, imagining his chaotic strength flowing through you and the Was-Sceptre.
- Repeat the ritual as often as needed, especially during times of conflict or when you feel the need for strong protection.
